2019-04-30:
"'Beginning with the grant of Maryland in 1632, and including those of Maine, the Carolinas, and Pennsylvania, the proprietary charters expressly transferred the right of the crown to reserve a rent.
Also, by waiving the statute Quia Emptores, they permitted subinfeudation.
Quit- rents were mentioned in the grants to the Duke of York, and still later, in the charter of Georgia, by the reservation of a rent of 4 shillings per 1OO acres.
The theory that the crown held a feudal ownership in the soil of new possessions was not confined to the thirteen American colonies.
In the grant of Newfoundland in 1637 to the Marquis of Hamilton and his associates a proprietary control, involving a quit-rent, was created.
A further extension of the feudal theory of land-tenure was made when the proclamation of 1763, which framed the govern- ments of Quebec, East and West Florida, and Grenada, provided for a quit-rent system as a sign of the royal supremacy.
A similar policy was observed in the British West Indies, where the land was granted to proprietors who collected quit-rents, or else bore a quit- rent charge payable directly to the crown.'" -- [[The Quit-Rent System in the American Colonies Jstor.org/stable/pdf/1834386.pdf]]
2019-04-30: OneCommunityGlobal.org/aquapini-and-walipini-planting-and-harvesting
2019-04-30: Climate Reality Leadership Corps
2019-04-29: OneCommunityGlobal.org/revenue >>Creating sustainable and duplicable financial successTourism revenue has been identified as the revenue stream most capable of accomplishing our global transformation goals by further supporting and sharing One Community as a teacher/demonstration community, village, and city. We will use a combination of the visitability of our location, educational classes, and non-stop creation of open source blueprints to market and share this option with the world. Sustainable infrastructure combined with an all volunteer labor force will keep operational expenses low while we share the fulfilled living and enriching environment as a marketable eco-tourism option. This will allow us to offer significantly more value, for a lower price, with an endless and free open source sharing marketing engine that benefits us and the world. In short, the more (and higher quality) our open source sharing, and the more fun our environment is, the more successful we will be; all of which will help to fuel our secondary revenue streams as well.
2019-04-27: Github.com/ethereum/serpent >>Serpent is an assembly language that compiles to EVM code that is extended with various high-level features. It can be useful for writing code that requires low-level opcode manipulation as well as access to high-level primitives like the ABI.
2019-04-27: Vyper.ReadTheDocs.io >> Vyper code should be maximally human-readable. Furthermore, it should be maximally difficult to write misleading code. Simplicity for the reader is more important than simplicity for the writer, and simplicity for readers with low prior experience with Vyper (and low prior experience with programming in general) is particularly important.
2019-04-27:
Ethereum.org/token
>> Contracts aren't able to subscribe to Events only to function calls. So for contracts, you should first approve an amount of tokens they can move from your account and then ping them to let them know they should do their thing - or do the two actions in one, with approveAndCall.
>> Note Buy and sell "prices" are not set in Ether, but in wei the minimum currency of the system (equivalent to the cent in the Euro and Dollar, or the Satoshi in Bitcoin). One Ether is 1000000000000000000 wei. So when setting prices for your token in Ether, add 18 zeros at the end.
{
// Advanced Token
pragma solidity >=0.4.22 <0.6.0;
contract owned {
address public owner;
constructor() public {
owner = msg.sender;
}
modifier onlyOwner {
require(msg.sender == owner);
_;
}
function transferOwnership(address newOwner) onlyOwner public {
owner = newOwner;
}
}
interface tokenRecipient { function receiveApproval(address _from, uint256 _value, address _token, bytes calldata _extraData) external; }
contract TokenERC20 {
// Public variables of the token
string public name;
string public symbol;
uint8 public decimals = 18;
// 18 decimals is the strongly suggested default, avoid changing it
uint256 public totalSupply;
// This creates an array with all balances
mapping (address => uint256) public balanceOf;
mapping (address => mapping (address => uint256)) public allowance;
// This generates a public event on the blockchain that will notify clients
event Transfer(address indexed from, address indexed to, uint256 value);
// This generates a public event on the blockchain that will notify clients
event Approval(address indexed _owner, address indexed _spender, uint256 _value);
// This notifies clients about the amount burnt
event Burn(address indexed from, uint256 value);
/**
* Constrctor function
*
* Initializes contract with initial supply tokens to the creator of the contract
*/
constructor(
uint256 initialSupply,
string memory tokenName,
string memory tokenSymbol
) public {
totalSupply = initialSupply * 10 ** uint256(decimals); // Update total supply with the decimal amount
balanceOf[msg.sender] = totalSupply; // Give the creator all initial tokens
name = tokenName; // Set the name for display purposes
symbol = tokenSymbol; // Set the symbol for display purposes
}
/**
* Internal transfer, only can be called by this contract
*/
function _transfer(address _from, address _to, uint _value) internal {
// Prevent transfer to 0x0 address. Use burn() instead
require(_to != address(0x0));
// Check if the sender has enough
require(balanceOf[_from] >= _value);
// Check for overflows
require(balanceOf[_to] + _value > balanceOf[_to]);
// Save this for an assertion in the future
uint previousBalances = balanceOf[_from] + balanceOf[_to];
// Subtract from the sender
balanceOf[_from] -= _value;
// Add the same to the recipient
balanceOf[_to] += _value;
emit Transfer(_from, _to, _value);
// Asserts are used to use static analysis to find bugs in your code. They should never fail
assert(balanceOf[_from] + balanceOf[_to] == previousBalances);
}
/**
* Transfer tokens
*
* Send `_value` tokens to `_to` from your account
*
* @param _to The address of the recipient
* @param _value the amount to send
*/
function transfer(address _to, uint256 _value) public returns (bool success) {
_transfer(msg.sender, _to, _value);
return true;
}
/**
* Transfer tokens from other address
*
* Send `_value` tokens to `_to` in behalf of `_from`
*
* @param _from The address of the sender
* @param _to The address of the recipient
* @param _value the amount to send
*/
function transferFrom(address _from, address _to, uint256 _value) public returns (bool success) {
require(_value <= allowance[_from][msg.sender]); // Check allowance
allowance[_from][msg.sender] -= _value;
_transfer(_from, _to, _value);
return true;
}
/**
* Set allowance for other address
*
* Allows `_spender` to spend no more than `_value` tokens in your behalf
*
* @param _spender The address authorized to spend
* @param _value the max amount they can spend
*/
function approve(address _spender, uint256 _value) public
returns (bool success) {
allowance[msg.sender][_spender] = _value;
emit Approval(msg.sender, _spender, _value);
return true;
}
/**
* Set allowance for other address and notify
*
* Allows `_spender` to spend no more than `_value` tokens in your behalf, and then ping the contract about it
*
* @param _spender The address authorized to spend
* @param _value the max amount they can spend
* @param _extraData some extra information to send to the approved contract
*/
function approveAndCall(address _spender, uint256 _value, bytes memory _extraData)
public
returns (bool success) {
tokenRecipient spender = tokenRecipient(_spender);
if (approve(_spender, _value)) {
spender.receiveApproval(msg.sender, _value, address(this), _extraData);
return true;
}
}
/**
* Destroy tokens
*
* Remove `_value` tokens from the system irreversibly
*
* @param _value the amount of money to burn
*/
function burn(uint256 _value) public returns (bool success) {
require(balanceOf[msg.sender] >= _value); // Check if the sender has enough
balanceOf[msg.sender] -= _value; // Subtract from the sender
totalSupply -= _value; // Updates totalSupply
emit Burn(msg.sender, _value);
return true;
}
/**
* Destroy tokens from other account
*
* Remove `_value` tokens from the system irreversibly on behalf of `_from`.
*
* @param _from the address of the sender
* @param _value the amount of money to burn
*/
function burnFrom(address _from, uint256 _value) public returns (bool success) {
require(balanceOf[_from] >= _value); // Check if the targeted balance is enough
require(_value <= allowance[_from][msg.sender]); // Check allowance
balanceOf[_from] -= _value; // Subtract from the targeted balance
allowance[_from][msg.sender] -= _value; // Subtract from the sender's allowance
totalSupply -= _value; // Update totalSupply
emit Burn(_from, _value);
return true;
}
}
/******************************************/
/* ADVANCED TOKEN STARTS HERE */
/******************************************/
contract MyAdvancedToken is owned, TokenERC20 {
uint256 public sellPrice;
uint256 public buyPrice;
mapping (address => bool) public frozenAccount;
/* This generates a public event on the blockchain that will notify clients */
event FrozenFunds(address target, bool frozen);
/* Initializes contract with initial supply tokens to the creator of the contract */
constructor(
uint256 initialSupply,
string memory tokenName,
string memory tokenSymbol
) TokenERC20(initialSupply, tokenName, tokenSymbol) public {}
/* Internal transfer, only can be called by this contract */
function _transfer(address _from, address _to, uint _value) internal {
require (_to != address(0x0)); // Prevent transfer to 0x0 address. Use burn() instead
require (balanceOf[_from] >= _value); // Check if the sender has enough
require (balanceOf[_to] + _value >= balanceOf[_to]); // Check for overflows
require(!frozenAccount[_from]); // Check if sender is frozen
require(!frozenAccount[_to]); // Check if recipient is frozen
balanceOf[_from] -= _value; // Subtract from the sender
balanceOf[_to] += _value; // Add the same to the recipient
emit Transfer(_from, _to, _value);
}
/// @notice Create `mintedAmount` tokens and send it to `target`
/// @param target Address to receive the tokens
/// @param mintedAmount the amount of tokens it will receive
function mintToken(address target, uint256 mintedAmount) onlyOwner public {
balanceOf[target] += mintedAmount;
totalSupply += mintedAmount;
emit Transfer(address(0), address(this), mintedAmount);
emit Transfer(address(this), target, mintedAmount);
}
/// @notice `freeze? Prevent | Allow` `target` from sending & receiving tokens
/// @param target Address to be frozen
/// @param freeze either to freeze it or not
function freezeAccount(address target, bool freeze) onlyOwner public {
frozenAccount[target] = freeze;
emit FrozenFunds(target, freeze);
}
/// @notice Allow users to buy tokens for `newBuyPrice` eth and sell tokens for `newSellPrice` eth
/// @param newSellPrice Price the users can sell to the contract
/// @param newBuyPrice Price users can buy from the contract
function setPrices(uint256 newSellPrice, uint256 newBuyPrice) onlyOwner public {
sellPrice = newSellPrice;
buyPrice = newBuyPrice;
}
/// @notice Buy tokens from contract by sending ether
function buy() payable public {
uint amount = msg.value / buyPrice; // calculates the amount
_transfer(address(this), msg.sender, amount); // makes the transfers
}
/// @notice Sell `amount` tokens to contract
/// @param amount amount of tokens to be sold
function sell(uint256 amount) public {
address myAddress = address(this);
require(myAddress.balance >= amount * sellPrice); // checks if the contract has enough ether to buy
_transfer(msg.sender, address(this), amount); // makes the transfers
msg.sender.transfer(amount * sellPrice); // sends ether to the seller. It's important to do this last to avoid recursion attacks
}
}
}
2019-04-26: Medium.com/minimum-viable-canvas
2019-04-22: LeanStack.com
2019-04-13: TheNextSystem.org/learn/stories/resident-owned-community
2019-04-12: Playing with Pact.Kadena.io contracts.